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Domest Anim Endocrinol
. 2021 Jul;76:106622.
doi: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2021.106622. Epub 2021 Feb 19.
Steroid sulfates in domestic mammals and laboratory rodents
G Schuler 1
Affiliations
PMID: 33765496 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2021.106622
Abstract
Historically steroid sulfates have been considered predominantly as inactive metabolites. It was later discovered that by cleavage of the sulfate residue by steroid sulfatase (STS), they can be (re-)converted into active forms or into precursors for the local production of active steroids. This sulfatase pathway is now a very active field of research, which has gained considerable interest particularly in connection with the steroid metabolism of human steroid hormone-dependent cancer tissue. In comparison, there is much less information available on the occurrence of the sulfatase pathway in physiological settings, where the targeted uptake of steroid sulfates by specific transporters and their hydrolysis could serve to limit steroid effects to a subgroup of potentially steroid responsive cells. In humans, steroid sulfates of adrenal origin circulate in intriguingly high concentrations throughout most of life. Thus, ample substrate is available for the sulfatase pathway regardless of sex. However, the abundant adrenal output of steroid sulfates is a specific feature of select primates. Compared to humans, in our domestic mammals (dogs, cats, domestic ungulates) and laboratory rodents (mouse, rat) research into the biology of steroid sulfates is still in its infancy and information on the subject has so far been largely limited to punctual observations, which indicate considerable species-specific peculiarities. The aim of this overview is to provide a summary of the relevant information available in the above-mentioned species, predominantly taking into account data on concentrations of steroid sulfates in blood as well as the expression patterns and activities of relevant sulfotransferases and STS.
Keywords: Adrenal; Placenta; SULT; Steroid sulfatase; Steroid sulfate; Testis.
Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Conflict of interest statement
Conflicts of Interest The author declares that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of this review.
. 2021 Jul;76:106622.
doi: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2021.106622. Epub 2021 Feb 19.
Steroid sulfates in domestic mammals and laboratory rodents
G Schuler 1
Affiliations
PMID: 33765496 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2021.106622
Abstract
Historically steroid sulfates have been considered predominantly as inactive metabolites. It was later discovered that by cleavage of the sulfate residue by steroid sulfatase (STS), they can be (re-)converted into active forms or into precursors for the local production of active steroids. This sulfatase pathway is now a very active field of research, which has gained considerable interest particularly in connection with the steroid metabolism of human steroid hormone-dependent cancer tissue. In comparison, there is much less information available on the occurrence of the sulfatase pathway in physiological settings, where the targeted uptake of steroid sulfates by specific transporters and their hydrolysis could serve to limit steroid effects to a subgroup of potentially steroid responsive cells. In humans, steroid sulfates of adrenal origin circulate in intriguingly high concentrations throughout most of life. Thus, ample substrate is available for the sulfatase pathway regardless of sex. However, the abundant adrenal output of steroid sulfates is a specific feature of select primates. Compared to humans, in our domestic mammals (dogs, cats, domestic ungulates) and laboratory rodents (mouse, rat) research into the biology of steroid sulfates is still in its infancy and information on the subject has so far been largely limited to punctual observations, which indicate considerable species-specific peculiarities. The aim of this overview is to provide a summary of the relevant information available in the above-mentioned species, predominantly taking into account data on concentrations of steroid sulfates in blood as well as the expression patterns and activities of relevant sulfotransferases and STS.
Keywords: Adrenal; Placenta; SULT; Steroid sulfatase; Steroid sulfate; Testis.
Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Conflict of interest statement
Conflicts of Interest The author declares that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of this review.